Journal of Environmental Technology and Engineering

Interaction between Urbanization and Climatic Factors on Formation of Urban Heat Island as an Environmental Challenge: the Conceptual Framework of Tehran Metropolitan Area, Iran

Parisa Shahmohamadi¹

¹ Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Malaysia

Email: shahmohamady@hotmail.com

A..I. Che-Ani¹, Iraj Etessam², K.N.A. Maulud¹, M.F.I. Mohd-Nor¹

² Faculty of Fine Art, Tehran University, Iran

Tehran has experienced rapid growth of urbanization and industrialization since it became the capital (200 years ago) and this has caused serious environmental problems in the city. In an urban area, one of the great problems is urban heat island (UHI) effect, which is due to many factors such as urbanization and climatic factors, resulting from the production and accumulation of heat in the urban mass. The main characteristics of UHI effect are the raised temperatures in the city centre, leading to excessive energy use for cooling and putting urban population at great morbidity and mortality risks. Therefore, it becomes increasingly important to study that how could various factors form UHI over the city in order to reduce environmental challenges. This paper, therefore, is focused on urbanization and climatic factors to understand the influence way of these factors on formation of UHI. In addition, it is showed this formation is related to the interaction between the urbanization and climatic factors. Thus, the percentage of UHI formation is high when great interaction exists. To achieve this aim, with the case study of city of Tehran, this paper explores literally the conceptual framework of interaction between urbanization and climatic factors on formation of UHI. It is then discussed how these two different kinds of factors can be affected and give implication to the city, and then, focuses on whether actions should be taken for balancing adaptation and mitigation UHI effects in Tehran metropolitan area. It will then conclude by making the recommendations for preventive action in provide quality of life.

Index Terms— Climatic Factors, Environmental Challenge, Urban Heat Island, Urbanization Factors.

International Journal of Sustainable Development and Planning

The Conceptual Framework on Formation of Urban Heat Island in Tehran Metropolitan, Iran: A Focus on Urbanization Factor

P. SHAHMOHAMADI, A.I. CHE-ANI, N.A.G. ABDULLAH, K.N.A. MAULUD, M.M. TAHIR, M.F.I. MOHD-NOR


 In an urban area, one of the great problems is urban heat island effect, which is due to many factors such as urbanization and climatic factors, resulting from the production and accumulation of heat in the urban mass. The main characteristics of UHI effect are the raised temperatures in the city centre, leading to excessive energy use for cooling and putting urban population at great morbidity and mortality risks. Therefore, it becomes increasingly important to study that how could various factors form UHI over the city in order to reduce environmental challenges. This paper, therefore, is focused on urbanization and climatic factors to understand the influence way of these factors on formation of UHI. The percentage of UHI formation is high when great interaction exists. This paper explores literally the conceptual framework of interaction between urbanization and climatic factors on formation of UHI with the case study of city of Tehran. The urbanization factors that affect Tehran are discussed in relation to location of the city, the size of the city and population, density of built-up area, urban geometry, thermal property of fabric, surface waterproofing, anthropogenic heat, air pollution, land use and wind speed.

Key-Words: Climatic Factors, Environmental Challenge, Tehran, Urban, Urban Heat Island,
Urbanization Factors

see this site:  http://journals.witpress.com/journals.asp?iID=54#papers

Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture, USA

Conflict between Population and Urbanization Factors: Impact of Urban Heat Island on Energy Consumption Balance
 

Parisa Shahmohamadi, Che-Ani A.I., Iraj Etessam, Khairul Nizam Abdul Maulud, M.F.I. Mohd-Nor

High density of buildings and population in urban areas increases urban temperature, generally known as the urban heat island. Raised temperature, especially in summer, turns city centers into unwelcome hot areas, with direct effects on electricity demand and energy consumption for cooling buildings and increases the production of carbon dioxide and other pollutants. Therefore, by considering that the energy consumption in the world has been faced with intense crisis, it becomes increasingly important to study the effects of urban heat island on energy consumption in order to improve people’s environment and decrease energy use in cities. This paper, therefore, is focused on urbanization and population size factors to understand the influence way of these factors on formation of UHI and energy consumption balance. To achieve this aim, this paper explores literally the conceptual framework of conflict ion between population and urban structure, which produce UHI intensity and affected energy consumption balance. It is then discussed how these two factors can be affected and give implication to the city, and then, focuses on whether actions should be taken for balancing adaptation and mitigation UHI effects. It will be concluded by making the recommendations for preventive action and provide quality of life.

Keywords: Energy Consumption Balance, Urban Construction, Urban Heat island, Urban Population